Chennai - Wikipedia. Chennai. Madras. Metropolis.
Nickname(s): Detroit of Asia. Gateway of South India. India's Health Capital.
Location of Chennai in Tamil Nadu. Coordinates: 1. 3. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is one of the biggest cultural, economic and educational centres in South India. According to the 2. Indian census (adjusted for the new limits of Chennai city), it is the fourth- largest city and fourth- most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is the 3. It was ranked 4. 3rd most visited city in the world for year 2.
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As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Chennai confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio- economic problems. Chennai is nicknamed . In January 2. 01. GDP. The origin of the name is unclear; one suggestion of several is that it may have originated from a Portuguese phrase m. At that time many Indian cities underwent a change of name. George, Madras said to be the first English settlement in India during 1.
An 1. 8th- century portrait depicting Fort St. George, the first major English settlement in India and the foundation stone of Chennai. Stone age implements have been found near Pallavaram in Chennai.
According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Pallavaram was a megalithic cultural establishment, and pre- historic communities resided in the settlement. During the 1st century CE, a poet and weaver named Thiruvalluvar lived in the town of Mylapore (a neighbourhood of present Chennai). They also defeated several kingdoms including the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas who ruled over the area before their arrival. Sculpted caves and paintings have been identified from that period.
A portion of these findings belonged to the Vijayanagara Empire, which ruled the region during the medieval period. Thomas, who is believed to have preached in the area between 5. CE. In 1. 61. 2, the Dutch established themselves near Pulicat, north of Chennai. They got a license to build a fort and a castle in the contracted region.
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The ruler Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu, the Nayaka of Chandragiri, granted the English permission to build a factory and warehouse for their trading enterprises. The region was then primarily a fishing village known as . George, the first major English settlement in India.
George, due to a change in the Government. George and Madras were captured by the French under General La Bourdonnais, the Governor of Mauritius, who plundered the town and its outlying villages.
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Because of Madras and its people, English now exists in India, otherwise Hindi might have been made the sole official language in India. Its average elevation is around 6. Two major rivers flow through Chennai, the Cooum River (or Koovam) through the centre and the Adyar River to the south. A third river, the Kortalaiyar, travels through the northern fringes of the city before draining into the Bay of Bengal, at Ennore. The estuary of this river is heavily polluted with effluents released by the industries in the region. The Otteri Nullah, an east–west stream, runs through north Chennai and meets the Buckingham Canal at Basin Bridge. Several lakes of varying size are located on the western fringes of the city.
Some areas of the city have the problem of excess iron content in groundwater. Nagar, Tambaram, Mudichur, Pallavaram. Semmencherry, Alapakkam, Vyasarpadi and Anna Nagar. Sandy areas are found along the river banks and coasts, and include areas such as Tiruvottiyur, George Town, Madhavaram, New Washermanpet, Chepauk, Mylapore, Porur, Adyar, Besant Nagar and Uthandi. In these areas, rainwater runoffpercolates quickly through the soil.
Areas having hard rock surface include Guindy, Nanganallur, Pallikaranai, Alandur, Jaladampet, Velachery, Adambakkam and a part of Saidapet and Perungudi. The crust has granite rocks indicating volcanic activities in the past. It is expected that temperatures of around 2. C. A large number of cattle egrets, pond herons and other waterbirds can be seen in the rivers of Cooum and Adyar. About 7. 5,0. 00 birds migrate to Chennai every year. Wildlife conservation and research activities take place at Arignar Anna Zoological Park including Olive ridley sea turtle conservation.
Urbanization has led to shrinkage of water bodies and wetlands. The city lies on the thermal equator. The hottest part of the year is late May to early June, known regionally as Agni Nakshatram (.
The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 1. The lowest recorded temperature was 1. Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit the city. The highest annual rainfall recorded is 2. Historically, Chennai has relied on the annual rains of the monsoon season to replenish water reservoirs, as no major rivers flow through the area. It is the oldest surviving municipal corporation in India and the second oldest surviving corporation in the world.
The larger suburbs are governed by town municipalities and the smaller ones are governed by town councils called panchayats. Under the gamut of the CMDA are 5 parliamentary and 2. The city's contiguous satellite towns include Mahabalipuram in the south, Chengalpattu and Maraimalai Nagar in the southwest, and Sriperumpudur, Arakkonam, Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur to the west. The Madras High Court, is the highest judicial authority in the state, whose jurisdiction extends across Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.
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It consists of 1. Police stations and is headed by a commissioner of police. The Greater Chennai Police is a division of the Tamil Nadu Police, and the administrative control lies with the Tamil Nadu Home Ministry. The metropolitan suburbs are policed by the Chennai Metropolitan Police, headed by the Chennai Police Commissionerate, and the outer district areas of the CMDA are policed by the Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur police departments. With a population density of 2. The Chennai suburban police had about 4,0.
Chokhi Dhani Chennai - village fair, indian village fair, village fair india, village resort, ethnic resort, ethnic resort india, resort india, holiday resort india. Jayalalithaa funeral: Amma laid to rest in Chennai’s Marina Beach Former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa, who breathed her last on Monday night, was on. Location of Chennai in Tamil Nadu: Coordinates: Coordinates: Country India: State: Tamil Nadu: District: Chennai, Kanchipuram Tiruvallur: Former name: Madras.
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This resulted in the Anti- Hindi agitations in the city and across the state. However, the post- Independence re- organisation of Indian states according to linguistic and ethnic basis has moderated Tamil nationalism, especially the demand for separation from the Indian Union. The Anti- Hindi agitations in mid- 1. DMK more popular and more powerful political force in the state. The agitations of the 1. Tamil Nadu Congress party in the 1.
Dravidian parties in Tamil Nadu politics. After Independence, it remained the centre of political activities of the state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the birthplace of the idea of the Indian National Congress, commonly known as the Congress Party. Founded by Indian and British members of the Theosophical Society movement, most notably A. O. After independence, the city hosted the Congress in 1.
Avadi. South Indian Welfare Association, one of the earliest regional parties, was founded in 1. Justice Party, which was the main opposition party to the Indian National Congress in the state. Ramasami (popularly known as 'Periyar'). The party was a non- political party that demanded the establishment of an independent state called Dravida Nadu.
Annadurai, the party was split. Annadurai left the party to form the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The DMK decided to enter into politics in 1. Utility services. Water is drawn from Red Hills Lake and Chembarambakkam Lake, the primary water reservoirs of the city. Garbage collection in some of the wards is contracted to Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, a private company.
The oldest buildings in the city dates from the 7th and 8th centuries CE, which include the Kapaleeshwarar Temple in Mylapore and the Parthasarathy Temple in Triplicane, built in the Dravidian architecture. This architecture includes various styles, such as those of the Pallavas, the Cholas, and the Vijayanagara empires. The associated Agraharam architecture, which consists of traditional row houses surrounding a temple, can still be seen in these areas. Chennai ranks second to Kolkata of Indian heritage buildings. George built in 1. Most of these were designed by English architects Robert Fellowes Chisholm and Henry Irwin.
The best examples of this style include the Madras High Court (built in 1. Southern Railway headquarters, Ripon Building, Government Museum, Senate House of the University of Madras, Amir Mahal, Bharat Insurance Building, Victoria Public Hall and the College of Engineering. Erected at the northern end of the beach at the Anna Square opposite University of Madras, it is an important landmark of Chennai. The statue shows four men toiling to move a rock, depicting the hard work of the labouring class. It was sculpted by Debi Prasad Roy Chowdhry. The new building, with a stunning fa.
It was opened, on 2. January 1. 90. 9, by the Governor of Fort St.
George, Sir Arthur Lawley, and called the Victoria Memorial Hall after the Queen- Empress Victoria. The Santhome Church, which was originally built by the Portuguese in 1.
St. Thomas, was rebuilt in 1. Gothic style. From the 1. George Town were built in this style, including the United India building (presently housing LIC) and the Burma Shell building (presently the Chennai House), both built in the 1. Dare House, built in 1. Other examples include the Bombay Mutual building (presently housing LIC) and the South Indian Chamber of Commerce building. This resulted in the city expanding horizontally, unlike other metropolitan cities where vertical growth is prominent. On the contrary, the peripheral regions, especially on the southern and south- western sides, are experiencing vertical growth with the construction of buildings up to 6.
Demographics. English is spoken largely by white- collar workers. As per the religious census of 2.
Chennai's population was 8. Hindu, 9. 4. 5% Muslim, 7. Christian, 1. 1. 1% Jain, 0. Sikh, 0. 0. 6% Buddhist, 0. The city ranked 2.
About 4. 3,7. 00 of them are kept vacant. In the suburbs of Chennai located in Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts, the figures of vacant houses 5.
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