Warning: Some of the images and video may be disturbing. The common cold has no cure. Scientists have been trying for centuries to find the cure, which wou. The Seven Deadly Sins were first told about by Pope Gregory the Great. They are as follows: 1. Greed - Wanting too much of something. Gluttony - Similar to greed.
Get the latest breaking news across the U.S. A pandemic (from Greek Contains cast and crew details, quotes, goofs, pictures, and links to external review sites. Science Fiction Films: Books in the UC Berkeley Library. Alien Invaders and other Things From Beyond Men and Women in Space / Other Worlds.
Pandemic - Wikipedia. A pandemic (from Greek . A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic.
Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis.
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One of the most devastating pandemics was the Black Death, killing over 7. The most recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1. H1. N1 pandemics.
Definition and stages. Posters from the Charles De Gaulle airport, Paris, 2.
A pandemic is an epidemic occurring on a scale which crosses international boundaries, usually affecting a large number of people. This starts with the virus mostly infecting animals, with a few cases where animals infect people, then moves through the stage where the virus begins to spread directly between people, and ends with a pandemic when infections from the new virus have spread worldwide and it will be out of control until we stop it. For instance, cancer is responsible for many deaths but is not considered a pandemic because the disease is not infectious or contagious. Then you might ask yourself: 'What is a global outbreak'? Global outbreak means that we see both spread of the agent .
The 2. 00. 9 revision, including definitions of a pandemic and the phases leading to its declaration, were finalized in February 2. The pandemic H1. N1 2. The phases are defined by the spread of the disease; virulence and mortality are not mentioned in the current WHO definition, although these factors have previously been included. In 2. 00. 6, the HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women in South Africa was 2. Infection rates are rising again in Asia and the Americas. The AIDS death toll in Africa may reach 9. There have been a number of particularly significant epidemics that deserve mention above the .
Possibly typhoid fever killed a quarter of the Athenian troops, and a quarter of the population over four years. This disease fatally weakened the dominance of Athens, but the sheer virulence of the disease prevented its wider spread; i. The exact cause of the plague was unknown for many years.
In January 2. 00. University of Athens analyzed teeth recovered from a mass grave underneath the city, and confirmed the presence of bacteria responsible for typhoid. Possibly smallpox brought to the Italian peninsula by soldiers returning from the Near East; it killed a quarter of those infected, and up to five million in all. It started in Egypt, and reached Constantinople the following spring, killing (according to the Byzantine chronicler Procopius) 1. The plague went on to eliminate a quarter to a half of the human population that it struck throughout the known world.
The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 7. Starting in Asia, the disease reached Mediterranean and western Europe in 1. Italian merchants fleeing fighting in Crimea), and killed an estimated 2. Europeans in six years. The disease killed approximately 1. London's population.
Disease killed part of the native population of the Canary Islands in the 1. Guanches). Half the native population of Hispaniola in 1.
Smallpox also ravaged Mexico in the 1. Tenochtitl. In 1. Massachusetts Bay Native Americans. Introduced diseases, notably smallpox, nearly wiped out the native population of Easter Island.
The findings suggested Europeans could have carried the nonvenereal tropical bacteria home, where the organisms may have mutated into a more deadly form in the different conditions of Europe. Syphilis was a major killer in Europe during the Renaissance. Ultimately, only less than one- third made their way back to Europe. The majority died of diseases. Previously restricted to the Indian subcontinent, the pandemic began in Bengal, then spread across India by 1. British troops and countless Indians died during this pandemic.
Deaths in India between 1. Another 2. 3 million died between 1. Russian deaths during a similar period exceeded 2 million. Reached Russia (see Cholera Riots), Hungary (about 1. Germany in 1. 83.
London in 1. 83. 2 (more than 5. United Kingdom). A two- year outbreak began in England and Wales in 1. Mainly affected Russia, with over a million deaths.
Throughout Spain, cholera caused more than 2. Spread mostly in Europe and Africa. At least 3. 0,0. 00 of the 9. Mecca pilgrims fell victim to the disease. Cholera claimed 9. Russia in 1. 86. 6. It killed some 5.
Americans. The 1. Europe and at least 5. Americas. Cholera claimed 2. Russia (1. 89. 2). Had little effect in Europe because of advances in public health, but Russia was badly affected again (more than 5. The 1. 90. 2–1. 90.
Philippines. Began in Indonesia, called El Tor after the strain, and reached Bangladesh in 1. India in 1. 96. 4, and the USSR in 1. Influenza. By October, it had reached Tomsk and the Caucasus. It rapidly spread west and hit North America in December 1.
South America in February–April 1. India in February–March 1.
Australia in March–April 1. The H3. N8 and H2. N2 subtypes of the Influenza A virus have each been identified as possible causes.
It had a very high attack and mortality rate, causing around a million fatalities. First identified early in March 1. US troops training at Camp Funston, Kansas. By October 1. 91.
In six months, some 5. The virus was recently reconstructed by scientists at the CDC studying remains preserved by the Alaskan permafrost. The H1. N1 virus has a small, but crucial structure that is similar to the Spanish Flu. An H2. N2 virus caused about 7.
United States. First identified in China in late February 1. Asian flu spread to the United States by June 1.
It caused about 2 million deaths globally. An H3. N2 caused about 3.
United States. This virus was first detected in Hong Kong in early 1. United States later that year. This pandemic of 1. Influenza A (H3. N2) viruses still circulate today. Typhus is sometimes called . During fighting between the Christian Spaniards and the Muslims in Granada, the Spanish lost 3,0.
In 1. 52. 8, the French lost 1. Italy, and lost supremacy in Italy to the Spanish. In 1. 54. 2, 3. 0,0.
Ottomans in the Balkans. During the Thirty Years' War (1. Germans were killed by bubonic plague and typhus. During the retreat from Moscow, more French military personnel died of typhus than were killed by the Russians. More military personnel were killed from 1.
In the campaign of that year, over 2. Napoleon's soldiers died of typhus. During World War I, typhus epidemics killed over 1. Serbia. There were about 2.
Russia from 1. 91. More than 3. 5 million Soviet POWs died out of the 5. Nazi custody. The disease killed an estimated 4. Europeans per year during the closing years of the 1. To this day, smallpox is the only human infectious disease to have been completely eradicated. According to the U. S. National Immunization Program, 9.
Before the vaccine was introduced in 1. U. S. In populations that have not been exposed to measles, exposure to a new disease can be devastating. In 1. 52. 9, a measles outbreak in Cuba killed two- thirds of the natives who had previously survived smallpox. Annually, 8 million people become ill with tuberculosis, and 2 million people die from the disease worldwide. During the 2. 0th century, tuberculosis killed approximately 1.
It is a chronic disease with an incubation period of up to five years. Since 1. 98. 5, 1. Each year, there are approximately 3. Malaria devastated the Jamestown colony and regularly ravaged the South and Midwest of the United States. By 1. 83. 0, it had reached the Pacific Northwest.
In 1. 79. 3, one of the largest yellow fever epidemics in U. S. About half of the residents had fled the city, including President George Washington.
Their ability to spread efficiently enough to cause a pandemic is limited, however, as transmission of these viruses requires close contact with the infected vector, and the vector only has a short time before death or serious illness. Furthermore, the short time between a vector becoming infectious and the onset of symptoms allows medical professionals to quickly quarantine vectors, and prevent them from carrying the pathogen elsewhere. Genetic mutations could occur, which could elevate their potential for causing widespread harm; thus close observation by contagious disease specialists is merited. Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug- resistant tuberculosis (MDR- TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. In 2. 00. 5, 1. 24 cases of MDR TB were reported in the United States. Extensively drug- resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) was identified in Africa in 2. United States. There are about 4.
XDR- TB per year, the WHO estimates. Antibiotic- resistant organisms have become an important cause of healthcare- associated (nosocomial) infections (HAI). In addition, infections caused by community- acquired strains of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in otherwise healthy individuals have become more frequent in recent years.
In 2. 00. 3 the Italian physician Carlo Urbani (1. SARS) as a new and dangerously contagious disease, although he became infected and died. It is caused by a coronavirus dubbed SARS- Co. V. Rapid action by national and international health authorities such as the World Health Organization helped to slow transmission and eventually broke the chain of transmission, which ended the localized epidemics before they could become a pandemic. However, the disease has not been eradicated. It could re- emerge.
This warrants monitoring and reporting of suspicious cases of atypical pneumonia. Influenza. Occasionally, viruses are transmitted from these species to other species, and may then cause outbreaks in domestic poultry or, rarely, in humans. It is feared that if the avian influenza virus combines with a human influenza virus (in a bird or a human), the new subtype created could be both highly contagious and highly lethal in humans. Such a subtype could cause a global influenza pandemic, similar to the Spanish Flu, or the lower mortality pandemics such as the Asian Flu and the Hong Kong Flu.
Top 1. 0 Infectious Diseases - Toptenz. Warning: Some of the images and video may be disturbing. The common cold has no cure. Scientists have been trying for centuries to find the cure, which would undoubtedly make our lives easier.
However, the common cold has nothing on these 1. The diseases are, for lack of a better word, so viral that there is a high percentage chance that you will die from the complications. Some of these diseases have vaccinations, some have preventive measures while others are simply deadly with little chance of survival. To be included on this list, the virus has to have been a major cause of death in history with ranking based on fatality rates and impact worldwide. However, if a disease has been contained it will be lower on the list. Smallpox. This variola virus had many forms and continues to be a required vaccination for many countries.
Smallpox in its worse forms – hemorrhagic and flat – had the highest fatality rates with only a 1. Fortunately this disease has been the only one on this list to be completely eradicated from nature since it is only contagious through humans.
Typhoid fever. Perhaps one of the least lethal diseases on this list, the fatality rate of typhoid fever is only 1. But the symptoms show up in stages over a period of three weeks and, in most cases, are not fatal. That said, the disease can stay dormant in a person who has overcome it and then be passed on to another person. The most famous case of this was the American cook in the early 1. Typhoid Mary” Mallon. Influenza Perhaps the scariest virus on this list is one that anyone anywhere can contract – influenza.
Luckily, the flu is easily identified and in most countries easily combated. However, young children and the elderly are particularly susceptible to flu. And the most famous strain was the Spanish Flu, which was estimated to have killed 2- 5 percent of the human population in 1. Thankfully that strain has never been seen again; however, the flu virus is famous for mutating from animals to humans. Bubonic Plague This plague is transmitted through infected fleas and kills about 7.
The most well known epidemic was the Black Death in Medieval times when it was rumored to have killed about 2. Europe alone and another 5.
The bubonic plague is often characterized by swollen lymph nodes though the modern world has seen few breakouts. Cholera Normally a human gets cholera from eating or drinking infected food or water. And untreated, the disease will progress from massive diarrhea to shock in 4- 1. Luckily, with oral rehydration therapy, a person can survive from cholera; however, in its most severe form, cholera can kill within three hours. But good sanitation practices can curb an outbreak. As the old saying goes – don’t drink the water – in many underdeveloped countries. Anthrax. While anthrax has been used as a biological weapon before, a person dies from anthrax after inhalation of the spores or through eating or coming in contact with animals who have ingested the spores.
Once contaminated, the bacteria quickly multiples and kills its host by producing two lethal toxins. Death can take from two days up to a month from the cold like symptoms, which then lead to serious breathing problems, shock and the eventual fatality.
Large amounts of antibiotics have been shown to be able to stop the disease. A vaccine is known, then again there are also antibiotic- resistant strains of anthrax. Malaria. This vector- borne infectious disease still has outbreaks of more than 5.
Fortunately with treatment, a person with malaria can expect a full recovery though like many of the diseases on this list, there is no vaccine. However, it has been noted that the deaths caused by Malaria occur on average about one every 3.
SARSSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has seen only one major outbreak in Asia a few years ago. In most cases, the disease in its viral pneumonia form has a fatality rate of about 7.
Supposedly the Chinese government created a vaccine that was effective in about two- thirds of the test groups; however, outside of that many of the treatments have proven to cause just as many problems as SARS itself. What doesn’t cure you, will kill you?
Ebola. A discovery in the last 3. Known to be devastating to both humans and animals, Ebola will kill a person within a week to two weeks usually from multiple organ failure or hypovelmic shock.
A Canadian company recently reported that they have created a vaccine that is effective in 9. Unfortunately, no vaccine or treatment has been approved for humans at this time. HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which cripples a human’s immune system.
AIDS has been categorized as an epidemic by the CDC and the life expectancy has been extended despite the lack of a vaccination or cure. While on its own, the Ebola virus is much more deadly in the short term, most AIDS victims eventually succumb to death from an AIDS related sickness.